What file system is commonly associated with Windows operating systems?

The file system commonly associated with Windows operating systems is NTFS (New Technology File System). NTFS was introduced with Windows NT and has since become the standard file system for all modern Windows operating systems, including Windows 10 and Windows 11.

NTFS supports large file sizes and volumes, efficient storage management, and advanced features such as file system journaling, which helps with data recovery in case of system crashes or unexpected shutdowns. It also provides enhanced security features, including the ability to set file permissions and encryption.

The other file systems mentioned are not typically used in Windows environments. For example, FAT32 is an older file system that lacks the advanced capabilities of NTFS and is often used for compatibility with older systems and removable media. EXT4 is primarily used in Linux environments, and APFS (Apple File System) is designed for use with Apple's macOS and iOS devices. Therefore, NTFS is the most appropriate choice as it reflects the prevalent file system architecture utilized by Microsoft Windows.