What types of analyses can be conducted on hair evidence?

Hair evidence can be analyzed through several methods that are crucial for forensic investigations. Microscopic examination allows forensic analysts to observe the physical characteristics of hair samples, such as color, texture, and pattern, which can help in identifying if the hair originated from a human or animal source. This initial assessment provides vital information regarding the hair's origin and its potential relevance to a crime scene.

Mitochondrial DNA testing is another significant method employed in hair analysis, particularly when the hair shaft is available but the root is not. This testing examines the mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mothers to their offspring, and can help to establish familial relationships or identify individuals in cases where nuclear DNA is not obtainable.

Additionally, comparing hair samples to known standards is a key part of forensic hair analysis. By comparing the characteristics of an unknown sample with those of known samples from a suspect or a database, forensic experts can determine whether there is a match or a potential source for the unknown hair.

These three methods—microscopic examination, mitochondrial DNA testing, and comparison to known samples—work together to strengthen the reliability and validity of hair evidence in forensic contexts. While other analyses like chemical composition and thickness can provide additional insights, they do not encompass the primary methodologies utilized in forensic